镍基超合金再铸层化学研磨去除的实验研究

研究了镍基超合金激光／电火花打孔再铸层的物理化学特性，并报道了DZ125、ЖKC6y、K24、DD3、DD6以及IC10等合金的化学研磨处理对基材腐蚀及其力学性能与热疲劳性能的影响等。实验研究表明：镍基超合金的激光／电火花再铸层有着不同于其本身原始铸态的化学性能，采用适当的化学研磨介质和优化的化学研磨条件可以快速有效地去除再铸层，使孔圆整光滑而不损伤合金基体、不降低基体的力学性能，并且可提高孔的热疲劳性能，由此可望实现镍基超合金涡轮叶片“三无”气膜孔的激光／电火花打孔 化学研磨复合法高效高质量制造。     

液体天然橡胶对湿法混炼制备天然橡胶/白炭黑复合材料性能的影响

采用湿法混炼工艺制备天然橡胶/白炭黑(W(NR/SiO_2))复合材料,并采用液体天然橡胶(LNR)为增容剂,探讨了LNR对复合材料硫化特性、橡胶加工性能、白炭黑分散性、静态力学性能及动态性能的影响。结果表明:LNR具有较好的增容效果;使用LNR增容后,胶料的正硫化时间缩短,在白炭黑为70 phr时T_(90)缩短4.16 min,加工性能改善;白炭黑在NR中的分散性提高;胶料力学性能得到改善,在白炭黑为60 phr时最明显,拉伸强度和撕裂强度分别提高25.73%和66.59%;LNR增容后胶料的抗湿滑性提高且滚动阻力降低。复合材料良好的相容性是LNR与NR和白炭黑两相同时发生作用形成增容界面的结果。     

高效湿法缠绕用环氧树脂配方及其复合材料性能

针对高质固体火箭发动机壳体高效的生产要求对不同官能度环氧树脂复配体系的工艺性进行研究,重点开展了多官能团环氧树脂复配体系配方设计及力学性能研究,分别采用DSC(差示扫描分析)、黏度测试进行固化特征温度、固化反应动力学及工艺适用期研究,并最终制备单向层合板及NOL(the Naval Ordnance Laboratory)环进行复合材料性能的测试分析。研究结果表明:三官能度复配的环氧树脂能满足高效湿法缠绕要求。当三官能度的TDE-85质量分数为25%时,综合性能达到最优,适用期仅为120 min,拉伸强度为973 MPa,弯曲强度为115 MPa,玻璃化转变温度高达466 K,较最低值分别提高363%、159%、258%。该树脂体系与纤维匹配性好,复合材料性能优良,NOL环拉伸强度与层间剪切强度分别为256 GPa、744 MPa,纤维强度利用率达766%,适用于固体火箭发动机湿法缠绕成形。     

纺丝工艺对炭纤维缠绕复合材料强度转化率的影响

通过不同纺丝工艺的聚丙烯腈基炭纤维表面状态、NOL环及Φ150 mm容器的实验研究,分析了不同纺丝工艺对湿法缠绕复合材料聚丙烯腈基炭纤维强度转化率的影响。结果表明,干喷湿纺炭纤维比湿法纺丝Φ150 mm容器环向纤维强度转化率要高出11.9%~15.4%,湿法纺丝的炭纤维复合材料NOL环层间剪切强度要比干喷湿纺炭纤维复合材料高7.4~34.1 MPa。因此,干喷湿纺的炭纤维可应用于固体火箭发动机缠绕壳体、压力容器等主要承受拉伸应力的领域,可充分发挥其纤维强度;而湿法纺丝工艺制成的炭纤维与树脂基体结合紧密,利于载荷的传递,可应用于承受压缩剪切等复杂载荷的领域,从而发挥这两种纤维各自不同优势。     

高垂直度和低沉积的MEMS陀螺梳齿结构释放工艺

梳齿型微机电系统（MEMS）陀螺的释放要求结构具有垂直度高、释放过程沉积聚合物少的特点,通过优化深硅刻蚀的工艺参数,包括钝化气体八氟环丁烷（C4F8）的流量、衬底温度、刻蚀气体六氟化硫（SF6）的流量和钝化气体C4F8的压力,实现了结构垂直度为90.0°、支撑层表面沉积物厚度为87.1nm的梳齿结构释放工艺。深硅刻蚀工艺的优化为高性能MEMS陀螺的加工提供了基础。     

Establishment of atmospheric weighted mean temperature model in the polar regions

Due to the special geographical location and extreme climate environment, the polar regions (Antarctic and Arctic) have an important impact on global climate change. Atmospheric weighted mean temperature (Tm) is a crucial parameter in the retrieval of precipitable water vapor (PWV) from the zenith wet delay (ZWD) of ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal propagation. In this paper, the correlation between weighted mean temperature and surface temperature (Ts) is studied firstly. It is shown that the correlation coefficients between Tm and Ts are 0.93 in the Antarctic and 0.94 in the Arctic. The linear regression Tm model and quadratic function Tm model of the Antarctic and the Arctic are established respectively using the radiosonde profiles of 12 stations in the Antarctic and 58 stations in the Arctic from 2008 to 2015. The accuracies of the linear regression Tm model, the quadratic function Tm model and GPT2w Tm model which is a state-of-the-art global Tm model are verified using the radiosonde profiles from 2016 to 2018 in the Antarctic and Arctic. Root Mean Square (RMS) errors of the linear regression Tm model, the quadratic function Tm model and GPT2w Tm model in the Antarctic are 3.07 K, 2.87 K and 4.32 K respectively, and those in the Arctic are 3.53 K, 3.38 K and 4.82 K, which indicates that the quadratic function Tm model has a higher accuracy compared to linear regression Tm model, and the accuracies of the two regional Tm models are better than that of GPT2w Tm model in the polar regions. In order to better evaluate the accuracy of Tm in the PWV retrieval, the PWV values of radiosondes are used for comparisons as the reference value. The RMS errors of PWV derived from the two Tm models are similar for 1.28 mm in the Antarctic and 1 mm in the Arctic respectively. In addition, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of Tm are analyzed in the polar regions by spectral analysis of Tm data using fast Fourier transform. The results show that the Tm has obvious seasonality and annual periodicity in the polar regions, and the maximum difference between warm season and cold season is about 63 K. After comparing and analyzing the influences of latitude, longitude and elevation on the Tm in the polar regions, it is found that latitude and elevation have a greater influence on the Tm than the longitude. As the latitude and elevation increase, the Tm decreases, and vice versa in the polar regions.     

Tropospheric wet refractivity tomography using multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique

Algebraic reconstruction techniques (ART) have been successfully used to reconstruct the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere and in recent years be tentatively used in tropospheric wet refractivity and water vapor tomography in the ground-based GNSS technology. The previous research on ART used in tropospheric water vapor tomography focused on the convergence and relaxation parameters for various algebraic reconstruction techniques and rarely discussed the impact of Gaussian constraints and initial field on the iteration results. The existing accuracy evaluation parameters calculated from slant wet delay can only evaluate the resultant precision of the voxels penetrated by slant paths and cannot evaluate that of the voxels not penetrated by any slant path. The paper proposes two new statistical parameters Bias and RMS, calculated from wet refractivity of the total voxels, to improve the deficiencies of existing evaluation parameters and then discusses the effect of the Gaussian constraints and initial field on the convergence and tomography results in multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (MART) to reconstruct the 4D tropospheric wet refractivity field using simulation method.     

运输类飞机型号合格审定试飞中的湿跑道试飞

对运输类飞机型号合格审定中的湿跑道试飞进行了详细分析讨论。对比国内外相关规章、标准和其他资料,给出了湿跑道的判断准则,分析了湿跑道试飞的条件,重点分析和论述了加速-停止距离、起飞距离和起飞滑跑距离两个湿跑道试飞科目。所做工作对于运输类飞机湿跑道试飞具有指导和参考意义。     

微细电解铣削加工模型及实验研究

 对微细电解铣削加工技术进行了深入研究。将分层加工技术应用到微细电解加工过程中,显著改善了加工稳定性;建立了微细电解铣削加工的数学模型;基于电化学刻蚀原理,在线制得直径小至10 μm的圆柱电极;分组实验并验证了加工模型中各参数如：电极直径、加工电压、电解液浓度、铣削层厚度等对微细电解铣削加工精度的影响。通过优化加工参数,成功加工出了深三角结构和四棱台微型腔,形状精度高,加工稳定性好。     

对流层折射修正中水汽压公式对比研究

针对当前对流层大气折射效应评估计算的工程应用中,水汽压的计算方法不尽统一、精度参差不齐的现状,分别在-50℃～0℃气温范围内利用各平冰面饱和水汽压公式、在0℃～50℃气温范围内利用各平液面饱和水汽压公式对大气折射率湿项进行了仿真计算,通过对仿真结果的比较可知：在平冰面和平液面情况下,Buck（巴克）1981公式和Buck1996公式与Goff-Gratch（戈夫-格雷奇）公式的偏差均较小,计算精度较高,建议作为测控系统外测数据处理中大气折射修正的首选经验公式;该分析结果也可为其他需要考虑水汽影响的工程领域提供参考.